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A Bikrami, or Desi year, is named after king Vikramaditya and starts in 57 B.C. The calendar has two elements: lunar and solar. The calendar starts with the lunar month of Chetar which starts during March, or the start of Spring, and consists of 365 days. Many states of India have Chetar as the new year. In places such as Sindh and Kerela, the new year starts in Chetar. The solar element starts with the solar month of Vaisakh during April. Some states of India begin their calendar with the solar new year. In Punjab and Bengal, the solar element of the calendar starts with Vaisakh and the first day is the Vaisakhi new year in Punjab and the Pohla Boshakh (new year) in Bengal. Nine of the solar months consist of 30 days, one are of 31 (Visakh) and other two (Jeth, Asadha) are of 32 days. This calendar is in traditional use in Punjab (both in India and Pakistan). Later the use was changed to other calendars including the Islamic calendar, the Nanakshahi calendar and the Gregorian Calendar.〔Muhammad Aurang Zeb Mughal (2014). (Calendars Tell History: Social Rhythm and Social Change in Rural Pakistan ). ''History and Anthropology'' 25(5): 592-613.〕〔Muhammad Aurang Zeb Mughal (2014). (Time, Space and Social Change in Rural Pakistan: An Ethnographic Study of Jhokwala Village, Lodhran District ). PhD Thesis. Durham University.〕 〔(NanakShahi Calendar Controversy )〕 ==Solar calendar== The table below starts the calendar from the Solar month of Vaisakh. The names of months are A day consists of 8 Peh'r/Pahars, every Peh'r/Pahar equals to 3 hours of the modern clock. These ''Pahars'' are named: 1: ''Sajar vela or Sver vela'' = Morning/Day-break (6'o clock to 9'o clock). 2: ''Dhammi vela'' = Pre- noon time(9'o clock to 12'o clock). 3: ''Paishee vela'' = Noon(12'o clock to 3'o clock). 4: ''Deegar vela'' = Afternoon(3'o clock to 6'o clock). 5: ''nimasheen/namashan vela'' = Sunset + Evening + Early hours of night(6'o clock to 9'o clock). 6: ''Kuftain vela'' = Pre-midnight time (9'o clock to 12'o clock). 7: ''Adh Raat vela'' = Midnight to 3'o clock (12'o clock to 3'o clock). 8: ''Sarghee vela'' = Pre Dawn/Very early morning before the sunrise(3'o clock to 6'o clock). The word ''vela'' which may be spelled as ''vailaa'' means "time of the day" whereas the word ''Adh'' means half. While 'dowpahar/dowpeh'r' denotes noon time; and 'shikardowpehr' when sun is right on the heads. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bikrami calendar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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